2024-01-01 · breast, diagnostic, surgery
Breast Biopsy FAQ
What Is a Breast Biopsy?
A breast biopsy is a procedure that removes a small sample of breast tissue so it can be examined under a microscope. It is performed to determine whether a breast lump, area of thickening, or imaging finding is benign or cancerous. Biopsies can be done with a needle (core needle or fine-needle) or through a small surgical incision, depending on the location and appearance of the area being tested.
Why Might I Need a Breast Biopsy?
A breast biopsy is recommended when a breast change needs a definitive diagnosis. Common reasons include:
- A new lump or thickened area felt on exam
- An abnormal mammogram, ultrasound, or MRI finding
- Microcalcifications or other suspicious imaging changes
- Nipple discharge or skin changes that require evaluation
- A prior biopsy result that needs further clarification
What Are the Types of Breast Biopsy?
The type of biopsy depends on the size, location, and imaging findings:
- Core needle biopsy: The most common method, using a hollow needle to remove tissue cores
- Fine-needle aspiration: Uses a thin needle to remove cells or fluid
- Stereotactic biopsy: Imaging-guided biopsy, often used for calcifications
- Ultrasound-guided biopsy: Uses ultrasound to guide the needle to the target
- Surgical (excisional) biopsy: Removes a larger area or the entire lump through a small incision
How Do I Prepare for a Breast Biopsy?
Preparation is usually simple, but your care team may ask you to:
- Review medications, especially blood thinners, aspirin, or supplements
- Share any history of bleeding issues
- Avoid deodorant, lotion, or powder on the day of the procedure
- Wear a comfortable, supportive bra to hold an ice pack afterward
What Happens During the Procedure?
Most breast biopsies are outpatient procedures performed with local anesthesia. Imaging is used to locate the target, and a needle is inserted to take tissue samples. You may feel pressure or brief discomfort. A small marker may be placed in the breast to identify the biopsy site for future imaging or treatment planning. Surgical biopsies may use sedation or general anesthesia and involve a small incision and sutures.
What Happens After a Breast Biopsy?
After the procedure, you may have mild soreness, bruising, or swelling. Typical aftercare includes:
- Applying ice packs for short intervals
- Keeping the area clean and dry
- Avoiding heavy lifting or strenuous exercise for a day or two
- Taking acetaminophen for discomfort (if approved)
Most people return to normal activities within 24 to 48 hours after a needle biopsy.
How Long Does It Take to Get Results?
Pathology results are usually available within a few business days. Your clinician will review the findings and discuss any next steps, which may include surveillance imaging, additional biopsy, or treatment if needed.
What Are the Potential Risks or Complications?
Breast biopsy is generally safe, but possible risks include:
- Bruising or bleeding at the biopsy site
- Infection
- Pain or tenderness
- Rare changes to breast shape after surgical biopsy
Following post-procedure instructions helps minimize these risks.
Will a Breast Biopsy Affect Future Imaging or Treatment?
A small marker may be placed to show where the biopsy was taken. This does not usually cause symptoms and helps radiologists compare future images. A biopsy does not spread cancer, and it does not prevent treatment if cancer is diagnosed.
When Should I Seek Medical Attention?
Contact your care team if you experience:
- Fever or chills
- Increasing redness, warmth, or drainage at the biopsy site
- Severe pain or swelling
- Persistent bleeding
Prompt evaluation ensures proper healing and addresses complications early.