2024-01-01 · heart, cardiac, surgery
Cardiac Bypass FAQ
What Is Cardiac Bypass Surgery?
Cardiac bypass surgery, also known as coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), improves blood flow to the heart by rerouting blood around blocked or narrowed coronary arteries. Surgeons use blood vessels from the chest, arm, or leg to create new pathways that supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle.
Who Needs Cardiac Bypass Surgery?
Cardiac bypass may be recommended for people with:
- Severe coronary artery disease or multiple blocked arteries
- Chest pain (angina) that does not improve with medication
- Reduced heart function due to poor blood flow
- Certain heart attacks where blood flow needs urgent restoration
How Is Cardiac Bypass Performed?
CABG is performed under general anesthesia and typically takes several hours. The surgeon opens the chest, harvests graft vessels, and attaches them to bypass blocked arteries. Some procedures use a heart-lung machine, while others may be done on a beating heart depending on individual circumstances.
How Do I Prepare for Cardiac Bypass Surgery?
Preparation often includes:
- Cardiac testing such as angiography, echocardiogram, or stress tests
- Reviewing medications, especially blood thinners or diabetes drugs
- Smoking cessation and nutrition planning
- Arranging support at home for the early recovery period
What Is Recovery Like After Cardiac Bypass?
Most patients stay in the hospital for several days, including time in the intensive care unit. Recovery milestones include:
- Gradual increase in walking and activity over weeks
- Wound care for chest and graft sites
- Participation in cardiac rehabilitation programs
- Full recovery often taking six to twelve weeks or longer
What Risks or Complications Can Occur?
Potential risks include:
- Infection or bleeding
- Irregular heart rhythms
- Blood clots, stroke, or heart attack
- Kidney or lung complications
- Cognitive changes or fatigue during early recovery
When Should I Seek Medical Attention?
Contact your care team if you develop fever, worsening chest pain, shortness of breath, wound drainage, or sudden swelling in the legs. Prompt evaluation helps prevent serious complications.