2024-01-01 · spine, orthopedic, surgery
Spinal Fusion Surgery FAQ
What Is Spinal Fusion?
Spinal fusion is a surgical procedure that permanently connects two or more vertebrae in the spine. The goal is to reduce painful motion, stabilize the spine, and improve alignment. It is often recommended when other treatments have not relieved symptoms.
Why Might I Need Spinal Fusion?
Spinal fusion may be considered for conditions such as:
- Degenerative disc disease
- Spondylolisthesis (vertebrae slipping out of place)
- Spinal instability after injury
- Severe scoliosis or spinal deformity
- Chronic back pain related to structural problems
What Are Common Symptoms Before Surgery?
Symptoms vary based on the condition but may include:
- Persistent back or neck pain
- Pain that radiates into the arms or legs
- Numbness, tingling, or weakness
- Limited mobility or difficulty standing upright
About the Spinal Fusion Procedure
Spinal fusion is performed under general anesthesia and can take several hours. The surgeon may approach the spine from the back, front, or side, depending on the condition. Bone graft material is placed between the vertebrae, and hardware such as screws or rods may be used to stabilize the area while the bones fuse together over time.
What Happens After Surgery?
After surgery, you’ll spend time in recovery and may stay in the hospital for a few days. Pain control, early walking, and careful movement are important. Physical therapy helps restore mobility and teaches safe ways to move while the fusion heals.
How Long Does Recovery Take?
Fusion takes time, and recovery can span several months. Typical milestones include:
- Gradual return to light activity over a few weeks
- Ongoing physical therapy for strength and flexibility
- Limitations on bending, lifting, and twisting during healing
- Full recovery may take six to twelve months
What Are the Potential Complications of Spinal Fusion?
Possible risks include:
- Infection or bleeding
- Blood clots
- Nerve injury
- Failure of the bones to fuse (nonunion)
- Pain at the bone graft site or nearby joints
Following post-operative instructions helps reduce these risks.
Will I Have Less Pain After Fusion?
Many people experience significant pain relief, especially if symptoms were caused by instability. However, results vary, and some pain may persist. Your surgeon will discuss realistic expectations based on your diagnosis.
When Should I Seek Medical Attention?
Contact your surgical team if you have worsening pain, fever, incision redness or drainage, or new weakness or numbness in the arms or legs.