2024-01-01 · cardiac, heart, surgery
Heart Valve Replacement Surgery FAQ
What Is Heart Valve Replacement Surgery?
Heart valve replacement surgery repairs blood flow through the heart by replacing a damaged valve with a mechanical or biological (tissue) valve. It is performed when a valve is severely narrowed (stenosis) or leaky (regurgitation) and cannot be repaired effectively. The goal is to improve symptoms, protect heart function, and reduce complications.
Why Might Someone Need Valve Replacement?
Common causes of valve disease include:
- Age-related wear and calcification
- Rheumatic heart disease
- Congenital valve defects
- Infections such as endocarditis
- Previous heart procedures that failed to restore valve function
A cardiologist evaluates severity and timing for surgery.
What Symptoms Suggest Valve Disease?
Symptoms can develop gradually and may include:
- Shortness of breath with activity or at rest
- Fatigue and reduced exercise tolerance
- Chest pain or pressure
- Swelling in the legs or abdomen
- Dizziness, fainting, or heart palpitations
Diagnostic testing includes echocardiography, ECG, and sometimes cardiac catheterization.
About the Valve Replacement Procedure
Valve replacement can be performed through open-heart surgery or less invasive approaches, depending on the valve and patient health. During the procedure, the damaged valve is removed and replaced with a mechanical or tissue valve. The choice of valve depends on age, lifestyle, medical conditions, and the need for long-term blood thinners.
What Happens After Valve Replacement Surgery?
Patients recover in the hospital for several days with close monitoring. Pain control, breathing exercises, and early mobility are important. Cardiac rehabilitation is often recommended to improve strength and heart health. You will receive instructions on medications, wound care, and activity restrictions.
How Long Does Recovery Take After Valve Replacement?
Recovery varies based on procedure type and overall health. In general:
- Hospital stay is typically five to ten days
- Most people resume light activity in two to four weeks
- Full recovery can take two to three months
Minimally invasive approaches may shorten recovery time.
What Are the Potential Risks of Valve Replacement?
Possible complications include:
- Bleeding or infection
- Stroke or blood clots
- Irregular heart rhythms
- Valve malfunction or need for reoperation
- Risks related to long-term anticoagulation (for mechanical valves)
Your care team will discuss how these risks apply to you.
When Should I Seek Medical Attention?
Seek urgent care for chest pain, shortness of breath, fainting, fever, or signs of wound infection. Sudden swelling, severe fatigue, or neurological symptoms also require prompt evaluation.