2024-01-01 · ophthalmology, transplant, surgery
Corneal Transplant Surgery FAQ
What Is a Corneal Transplant?
A corneal transplant is a procedure to replace damaged or diseased corneal tissue with healthy donor tissue. The cornea is the clear front surface of the eye, and replacing it can restore vision, reduce pain, or improve the appearance of the eye.
Why Might Someone Need a Corneal Transplant?
Common reasons for corneal transplantation include:
- Keratoconus
- Corneal scarring from infection or injury
- Fuchs’ dystrophy or other endothelial disorders
- Corneal swelling or failure after previous surgery
- Severe corneal thinning or ulcers
An eye specialist evaluates vision and corneal health to determine the best approach.
What Symptoms Suggest Corneal Disease?
Symptoms may include:
- Blurry or distorted vision
- Light sensitivity or glare
- Eye pain or redness
- Feeling of a foreign body in the eye
- Progressive vision loss despite glasses or contacts
Detailed eye exams and imaging guide treatment decisions.
About the Corneal Transplant Procedure
Corneal transplant surgery is usually performed with local anesthesia and sedation. Depending on the condition, the surgeon may replace the full thickness of the cornea or just specific layers. The donor tissue is positioned and secured with fine sutures or specialized techniques.
What Happens After Corneal Transplant Surgery?
Most patients go home the same day. Eye drops are used to prevent infection and reduce inflammation. Follow-up visits are frequent to monitor healing and check for signs of rejection. Vision improves gradually as the eye heals.
How Long Does Recovery Take?
Recovery varies by procedure type:
- Partial-thickness transplants may heal in weeks to a few months
- Full-thickness transplants can take several months to a year for full visual recovery
Activity restrictions and protective eyewear may be recommended.
What Are the Potential Risks?
Possible complications include:
- Graft rejection
- Infection or inflammation
- Astigmatism or vision changes
- Increased eye pressure (glaucoma)
- Need for repeat transplantation
Your surgeon will discuss risk factors and warning signs.
When Should I Seek Medical Attention?
Contact your eye care provider immediately for worsening pain, sudden vision changes, increased redness, or light sensitivity. Early treatment can prevent graft rejection and complications.